Hi Thomas,
Always good to know the norms, below is a normal arterial blood gas.
Hypercapnia is the medical term for your question, here's a link describing
scenarios and symptoms.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercapnia
Arterial blood gases (at sea level and breathing room air)
Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2):
70–100 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2):
35–45 mm Hg
pH:
7.35–7.44
Bicarbonate (HCO3):
21–28 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L)
Oxygen content (O2CT):
15%–23% (15–23 milliliters [mL] per 100 mL of blood)
Oxygen saturation (O2Sat):
95%–100%
>From: "Thomas Doster" <thomas.doster@gmail.com>
>Reply-To: personal_submersibles@psubs.org
>To: personal_submersibles@psubs.org
>Subject: Re: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] Regulator pression - Korea plastic sub -
>Hello Bob and Paul
>Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2006 16:24:01 -0400
>
>On the note of life support, simply adding oxygen as it's used might
>not be a completely viable option. I'm not a doctor or scientist, but
>even though you're replacing oxygen that you've used, you're still not
>getting rid of the CO2 that you've added. I think 10% CO2 is lethal
>(less? anyone know the answer?) even with 50% or more O2. The normal
>amount of O2 in the air is about 20%. Now, when you're adding O2
>you're adding to the overall gas in the cabin, and thereby driving
>down the percentage of CO2, but I would imagine that it would catch up
>eventually. One might even say too soon to make it a reasonable
>approach to life support systems.
>
>An interesting option for relieving pressure would be to have vaccuum
>flasks inside the pressure hull. I'm not sure how worthwhile it would
>be to add pressure vessels holding a vaccuum. The purpose would be to
>take away the pressure added by the O2 being leaked into the cabin.
>Still going to run into too much CO2 though.
>
>I could be terribly wrong about all this, and if I am, I'd like to
>know. Just something to think about though.
>
>-Tom D
>
>On 8/30/06, Fanta <fanta590@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>
>>Hello Bob and Paul,
>>Thank you very much for your advice, it is very useful for me. Please tell
>>me: the plan sale in the site Lake sub, is it a real plan? is it serieuse?
>>are there some buy and construction succeed?
>>thank you again
>>Fanta
>>
>>
>>
>>Bob Duncan <katsurencho@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>
>>Yes, Metal Anomality Detector(MAD), the stinger on the tail of the P3. I
>>don't know about the uproar, i'm sure there was. The P3 can fly low and
>>slow, which has been an advantage. The disadvantage was that those 4 big
>>fans could be heard by the submarine miles away. Or even 2 big fans,
>>'cause
>>they often shut down one, and sometimes 2 engines to save fuel at low
>>altitude.
>> The British have or had (i really don't keep up) the Nimron, who's
>>disadvantage was that it couldn't fly so slow. Easy to overfly the target.
>>It's more related to the 737 than a P3.
>> Technology has soared so fast over the years. I flew in P3's in the
>>early
>>'80's and Moffett Field is all NASA now, the Navy moved out. Sound travels
>>so fast and well in water. It's the easiest way to detect something
>>underwater that has the potential to move. Every machine has a signature,
>>electric motors, shafts turning, people talking. Electronics usually put
>>out
>>some RF, even if it's very slight. People talking probably not part of the
>>machine signature!!
>> You can have 2, 283 (i'm old, i think they call them 6Ltr) Chevy
>>engines
>>built at the same place by the same people, and they will have 2 different
>>signatures. The sound the crankshaft makes, the sound the pistons make.
>>Once
>>your engine is heard, it's signature is put into a computer, then when it
>>is
>>heard again, it is recognized, and distinguishd from any other 283 engine,
>>or submarine.
>> I was flying P3's when CWO Johnny Walker was still in business. The
>>Soviets just read all our top secret and any messages like reading a
>>newspaper. There is a movie about him "Family of Spies". During that time,
>>the Soviets learned that we were detecting them by sound. So, they started
>>making their subs quieter. It did make it more difficult, but not
>>impossible. Since then electronics have became far, far more
>>sophisticated.
>>
>> I don't know how Russian ships are now (or other former Soviet
>>countries),
>>and it's by no means my intent to speak adversly of them. In the past you
>>could always tell a Soviet ship from miles away, if you see a giant rust
>>bucket on the water it was Soviet.
>>
>> As i understand the new P-8's are suppose to start showing up at PAX
>>River
>>Naval Air Station (home of NAVAIR, Naval Aviation Test Center) next year.
>>
>>Bob
>>
>>
>>Paul Kreemer <paulkreemer@gmail.com> wrote:
>>Bob, does MAD trapping mean hiding in magnetic anomalies? Sounds like
>>some
>>you've had some interesting experiences!
>>
>>And wasn't there a big uproar over replacing the P3 with the 737 versus a
>>prop plane?
>>
>>
>>Paul
>>
>>
>>On 8/28/06, Bob Duncan <katsurencho@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> >
>> >
>> > Howdy
>> > Having been a P3 engineer at one time, VP-9, Moffett Field. You could
>>avoid them if there were MAD trapping. But, usually they listen in on
>>sonobouys.
>> > And the P3 is going away from the US Navy, the P8 is comming in soon,
>>P-8 is a Boeing 737.
>> >
>> >
>> > Paul Kreemer <paulkreemer@gmail.com> wrote:
>> >
>> >
>> > Yes, PSUBers should consider plastic hulls to help avoid detection by
>>sub
>>hunting P-3 Orions. ;-) Regarding manufacture and use, this cautionary
>>note from Dewey Mason sounds pretty informed on the subject:
>>http://www.psubs.org/faq.html#fiberglasshull
>> >
>> >
>> > Here are a couple of notes on cabin air from the PSUBS site. The cabin
>>pressure would increase more slowly if you could add only oxygen and not
>>air. And if your dive time is short enough you may not need to do
>>scrubbing
>>or oxygen replacement.
>> >
>> > http://www.psubs.org/faq.html#cabinair
>> >
>> > http://www.psubs.org/faq.html#lifesupport
>> >
>> > A lot of design decisions here... Like many more experienced members
>>have
>>done, let me suggest buying some Kittredge plans. You can get the K-250
>>or
>>K-350 plans here: http://johnmaynard.tripod.com/
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > take care-
>> > Paul
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > On 8/26/06, Fanta < fanta590@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> > >
>> > >
>> > > Hello everyone,
>> > > I am doing some calculate on the paper about the air pression inside
>>of
>>the pocket sub.
>> > > If I use a tank of compression air for supply air to pilot, the
>>pression
>>inside of cabine up slowly, it need an system automatic depression, it
>>means: return the pression as 1 atm. Here, some one has an idea about this
>>system? Please drop for me a plan or some idea.
>> > > The second problem is carbonic air is up and I want to filtre air.
>>Have
>>you some advices about this?
>> > >
>> > > I hear about sub spy of North Korean, base on information 3 years
>>ago,
>>its made by plastic !! diver very limit but low price and it is enough for
>>past many stations control in South Korea. North Korea use this type for
>>infiltration to South Korea, Are there someone here have more information
>>about this type sub? I do interesting this because it is confortable for
>>poor amateur sub builder.
>> > >
>> > > Thank you very much
>> > > Fanta
>> > >
>> > > Love and Peace, God bless you
>> > >
>> > > ________________________________
>> All-new Yahoo! Mail - Fire up a more powerful email and get things done
>>faster.
>> > >
>> > >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > Tejas is a Spanish spelling of a Native Amerian word which translates
>>to
>>English as "Friend". There was a Mexican territory with this name. But,
>>the
>>German settlers and other gringos came along and couldn't say it right.
>>So,
>>it ended up Texas.
>> >
>> > ________________________________
>> All-new Yahoo! Mail - Fire up a more powerful email and get things done
>>faster.
>> >
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ________________________________
>> All-new Yahoo! Mail - Fire up a more powerful email and get things done
>>faster.
>>
>>
>>
>>Love and Peace, God bless you
>>
>> ________________________________
>>Do you Yahoo!?
>> Everyone is raving about the all-new Yahoo! Mail.
>>
>>
>
>
>
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